![]() While the European Commission’s role in regional economic governance has been strengthened through the crisis (Bauer and Becker 2014), the days in which the EU’s collective issues could be effectively talked out by technocratic elites through the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) or the Community Method appear long gone or at least dormant (de la Porte and Pochet 2012). Such actions relied on a ‘permissive consensus’ towards European integration that has declined (Bickerton et al. Crises have been positive stress tests for the European Union (EU), with its institutions pushing further integration as a solution (Ioannou et al. 1 Europe is awash with crisis.įor many Europeans and supporters of the European project, this is not particularly new. Jean-Claude Juncker recently described Europe’s current financial, economic, social, and security crises as a ‘polycrisis’. ![]() A decade since the onset of the global financial crisis, and several years since the European sovereign debt crisis began, crisis talk is part of everyday life. A crisis differs for those experiencing it, ranging from deflated expectations of prosperity to panics over who is fit to lead. The people of Europe are facing problems that differ in intensity and tempo. The framework assists in specifying how authorities and expert and civil society groups develop policy programmes and frames, as well as changes to European societies’ experiences and expectations. Thinking of fast- and slow-burning crises permits analytical distinctions in how authorities and social actors view crises and how they consider actual conditions and future narratives. When a crisis is perceived as slow-burning, the key concern is with how the issue is framed and how social expectations are changing. Those who view crises as fast-burning typically rally material and ideational resources to address issues with high political intensity. ![]() ![]() This research agenda piece proposes a framework to understand crises and distinguish how they are comprehended as ‘fast-burning’ and ‘slow-burning’ phenomena. Crises have typically been viewed as providing impetus for further integration but are now straining the European project. The European Union has been confronted with crises across a range of policy areas. ![]()
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